Overview
CPT® Code 90901 is used to report biofeedback training for patients using any modality. Biofeedback is a therapeutic technique that helps patients gain awareness and voluntary control over physiological functions, such as heart rate, muscle tension, respiratory rate, or skin temperature. This service is commonly used in the management of stress-related conditions, chronic pain, headache disorders, and rehabilitation programs.
CPT 90901 represents the professional service of biofeedback training. Any additional evaluation, therapy, or medical management is billed separately.
Key Facts About CPT® 90901
- Service type: Behavioral/rehabilitative therapy
- Provider type: Physicians, psychologists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and other qualified healthcare professionals
- Medical services included:
- Patient education on physiological monitoring
- Instruction and training in biofeedback techniques
- Monitoring of patient response and adjustment of feedback parameters
- Common clinical indications:
- Management of chronic headaches, migraines, or tension-type headaches
- Stress and anxiety disorders
- Pelvic floor dysfunction or urinary incontinence
- Hypertension and other stress-related cardiovascular conditions
- Chronic pain and musculoskeletal rehabilitation
When to Use CPT® 90901
CPT 90901 is appropriate when:
- A patient undergoes biofeedback training for therapeutic purposes
- Training is provided by a qualified healthcare professional
- Sessions are medically necessary to improve patient self-regulation or manage a clinical condition
Examples:
- Teaching a patient with tension headaches to control muscle tension using EMG biofeedback
- Stress reduction and anxiety management using heart rate variability biofeedback
- Pelvic floor rehabilitation with biofeedback for urinary incontinence
- Pain management therapy for chronic musculoskeletal conditions
Documentation Requirements
To properly support CPT 90901 billing, documentation should include:
- Patient identifiers and date of service
- Clinical indication for biofeedback training
- Modality or technique used (e.g., EMG, thermal, EEG)
- Duration of the session and patient response
- Education provided, including goals and instructions
- Follow-up or home exercise recommendations
Complete documentation ensures compliance, reimbursement accuracy, and longitudinal tracking of patient progress.
Reimbursement and Coding Considerations
- CPT 90901 is generally covered by Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurers when medically necessary
- Time-based reporting may be required by some payers
- The code is billed per session, regardless of the number of modalities used
- Additional services (evaluation, therapy, or procedures) are billed separately
- Verify payer-specific rules for biofeedback and rehabilitative therapy coverage
How OptiMantra Supports Biofeedback Therapy
OptiMantra’s integrated EMR and practice management platform streamlines documentation, tracking, and billing for biofeedback services like CPT 90901.
With OptiMantra, providers can:
- Document biofeedback sessions with structured templates including modality, duration, and patient response
- Track patient progress across multiple sessions and modalities
- Generate claims for biofeedback therapy
- Integrate biofeedback results into broader care and rehabilitation plans
- Coordinate follow-up and home exercise programs efficiently
By centralizing documentation, billing, and longitudinal tracking, OptiMantra ensures accuracy, compliance, and effective patient-centered care for biofeedback therapy.
Try OptiMantra for free here!
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